history of nile river region
general preface: our history is mostly from the point of view of europeans "discovering" the rest of the planet. there is so much land, who has time to write details about china and nile continent and amazon continent... even books that wrote broadly only have a bit on china and almost nothing about colonies.so i summarize the recent centuries. sources: in endnote.
the nile river
intro: year 1800 was the era of Napoleon. the history in nile river region had france attacking egypt and israel, that is the name in the ancient documents [from greek christian new testament].t
1800 french control egypt. ottoman battle to recapture the land that they lost.
1801 british helpd ottoman expel french from egypt, but took control in 1801. the locals continued battle, mamluks against ottoman while british governd the people in the chaos of this war.
1805 ottoman leader named ali defeated mamluks but claimed for self not for ottoman.
1820 ali conqured land west and land south from egypt. ali dynasty ruled many years.
1820's ali dynasty of egypt ruled coastal area, by city Massawa, [now eritrea] til 1880s.
1870 italian business bought port assab [at east coast] from local sultan for italian king.
1874 egypt attacked ethiopia from region of massawa [continents eastern coast] egypt had ruled there since 1820s.
1885 italy took control of massawa joined it to Assab. british help italy expel egyptians.
years 1885-1941 italy ruled the coastal region north from ethiopia and north from french colony djabouti
1914 the great war. Italy same side as britian.
1941 italy was same side as germany. germany had attacked the ally of britian named poland so british attacked italy at this colony to expel the italians... and take for britian.
1941-1952 british ruled this coastal region.
1952 eritrea council voted to join ethiopia with "self-rule" autonomy. source printed encyclopedia. u.n. recognized.
1962 ethiopia annulled the autonomy caused war to return "self govern" as before.
1962-1991 war of eritrea against ethiopia for autonomy same as before.
1974 mengistu starts ruling ethiopia for 17 years with communist style. replacing emperor.
1974-1991 civil war in ethiopia.
1980s eritrea soldiers controlled most of the 90 thousand square kilometers of eritrea.
1991 eritrea defeated ethiopia now self govern, won war of autonomy "independece". e
1991 end of ethiopia civil war, eritrea helpd anti-communists defeat mengistu. these recognized eritrea autonomy.
1998 northern ethiopia tigray province, shooting. people killed eritreans in ethiopia near eritrea border.
1998-2000 from month may, border war eritrea against ethiopia.
this concludes summary of two hundred years from 1800-2000. the more recent years we all know.
endnote:
i had some questions about eritrea so as i searched reading many weak sites of different "versions of history" and worse, "websites" that simply stole plagiarized paragraphs from bad wikipedia as if own website... and i saw many conflicting opinions claiming to be history that did not match the printed version... i organized the mess to add details to the printed books, and isolated "official" year number, based on "matching stories" and earlier dates without preserving nor repeating the problem-details.
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