timeline byzantine era: year 395-1450
note: from 330 until 395 land of byzant was roman with capital in Constantinople. so start with separation.
395 Roman emperor splits land to two sons the western with capital city rome and the eastern territory including greece-land and egypt, with capital city named "Constantinople" built 330 and since 330 roman capital but now only of eastern territory. the eastern part despite ruled by rome for centuries still spoke greek and science in greek but law latin like west. the roman empire has 2 sections.
415 bishop of alexandria expelled jews
MANY battles byz against persia in tigris river regions probably both drafted youth to be soldiers and war disturbed everything
476 tribes from north capture italian peninsula and rome. end of western empire no "roman" empire. only byzantine empire.
527-565 byz empire spreads north and east from territory west and south of "black sea" to north and east including syria.
529 huge rebellion in jordan river region [page 125 of a bad book] wen official-country-faith cristian so people fought it murdered priests destroyed buildings until byz empire CRUSHED the rebels despite persian help. many captives sold into slavery. also this era emperor gathered roman laws and organized.
533 byz defeat vandals to control coast south edj of med.sea including carthage
535 byz battle and defeated goth who ruled italy since 476. byz capture almost all of the it.-pn. so under byz. control. even rome surrendered and ruled by byz emperor justinianus. goth king captured
551 captured another goth king now byz control all it.-pn.
570 persia captures arabian pen. even south. by now byz army less soldiers than before after deaths and lack of money to pay soldiers.
605 a civil war in byz empire following many rebellions since 588 which
killed emperor maurice in 602. rebel so phocas new emperor until death in 610.
610 rebels kill emperor phocas
611 persia conquers damascus and later westward the regions of jordan river 614 and later also of nile river.
614 persia controls jerusalem until 629
622 called year 1 for islam calendar. muhamed expelled from mecca for disturbing the peace. general m. teaches
and kills until 632 death in june.
629 byz. recapture jerusalem from persians. hold until 638.
632 june first "caliph" means "replacement" and many califs follow
638 calif omar occupied jerusalem."end occupation"? ah they only shout that at jews.
642 muslim conquest calif occupy egypt-land
651 final editing of quran text set, around twenty 20 years after muhamed died.
661-750 umayyad kingdom. iraqi king ruled jerusalem from afar. moved capital to... not jerusalem but damascus.
680 war separation of shia muslim sect.
750 end umayyad syrian kingdom. 750-974 iraqi abassid kingdom conquered including Jerusalem. move capital to... not jerusalem city was not important to muslims but move capital to bagdad iraq.
869 zanj revolt against abbasid. The Zanj slaves rebellion, year 869-883 near Basra near eufr. river.
1012 pogroms in germany kill jews beatings and burn houses too.
1055 byzantine empire captured bagdad
1096 people mass murdered jews in germany. angry people desstroyed jewish homes along rhine river probably for being different.
1099 crusaders free jerusalem from muslim occupation of 4 centuries. hold until 1187
1187 ayyubid kingdom of cairo occupy jerusalem. rule from afar cairo.
1250 mamluks take control of egypt and spread their rule over jerusalem. the region of jordan river experienced battles from both sides! mamluk conquest from west from egypt which succeeded and from east mongols succeed capture and destroyed bagdad.until: they met!
1260 mamluk battle mongols near jordan river. cairo defeated mongols
GAP in chart 200 years no major event after 1260? until 1453 ottoman?
so i fill in:
1290 king edward 1 expelled jews from england and same era rulers in southern italy also expelled jews.
1298-1350 many pogroms in germany kill thousands of jews
1305 philip 4 moved pope to france from italy.
1306 king philip 4 expelled jews from france. this would be repeated in 1394 to those who returned or came in between.
1453 ottoman replace byz. rule in turkey. ruled until surrendered to british in 1917.
1453 end byzantine era.
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