ww1 summary and later fix order and grouping
declaring war
July 1914: on 28 july austria declared war on serbia. after that the rest of europe aligned on the two sides: germany and bulgaria joined austro-hungary. russia and the west joined serbia.
july 29, austrians bombed belgrade, serbia, later a' invaded west s' by crossing the drina river aug. 13.
aug. 1, germany on russia and later: date 3 on france and date 4 on belgium [page 805] which it invaded with more than 500 thousand troops.
aug. 2 germans invaded lux. using its 4+5 armies each with 200 thousand troops.
aug. 4 brits on german empire in response to the german invasion of belgium and later date 12 on austria with france
aug. 6 austria on russia [that did not reply], also serbia on germany but u.s. avoided war.
aug. 8 brits battled german colonies
aug. 12 france on austria
aug. 13 austrians began invading serbia, page 947
aug. 23 japan on germany who had started a "world war" around the planet even the sea called pacific ocean around the world. the world war ended in a few months but the war around nile [med] sea continued until 1918.
the WORLD WAR
aug. 30 new zealand took german colony samoa [968]
sept. 11 australia took german colony bismark arc'
sep. 21 germans in new guinea surrendered page 968
Sep. 22, 1914, german warships 3 cruiser class bombed french colony page 950. they cruised southeast toward chile.
oct. jap attacked german base tsingtao on china coast
oct. 3 japan took german colonies: marshal isles [japanese records that i translated see other post for more details]
oct. 5 caroline isles
oct. 14 mariana isles
nov. 1 german naval victory in pacific sinking brit warships by west coast of chile. the germans left pacific so the calm resumed. END world war with this german victory. the war continued around nile sea hemisphere until the empires of germany and austro were annulled.
nov. 2 russia declared war on turkey page 955 but s+o no declarations
nov. 5 brit with france on turkey but italy avoided war until the following year.
may 1915, may 23 italy on austria
aug. 21 italy on turkey
oct. 14 bulgaria on serbia joining austro-german side.
march 1916 portugal?
aug. 27 romania on austria
aug. 30 turkey on romania
april 1917, april 6 u.s. on germany [not austria yet until dec.] swaying american countries to expel german diplomats [prevent risk of spy and misuse of diplomats].
june 27, greece joined west against austro-side.
by REGION
by japan see the section world war above for sea and island activities. japan attacked china coast in oct. 1914 as above.
by china, china was neutral. it offered to join allies but japan insisted china not join them. china had just recently changed from empire to republic in 1912 and had battles with "nationalists" like a civil war. topic "bai lang" rebellion. russia only battled on its west side. india under brits sent troops to fight on the east coast of africa see nile section below. turkey joined the war a bit later.
by RUSSIA and austro, see:
in NILE [AFRICA] continent:
aug. 8, 1914, just a few days after brits declared war on germany due to german empire invading belgium, brits started attacking the german colonies in east nile continent. b' bombed coast ports which faced zanzibar isle. india soldiers attacked north from those ports, landing from ships at tanga [nov. 2, on coast 45 degree angle n.w. from north madagascar] where germans defeated them. however the brit main effort was defending france and belgium with almost no effort there until end of 1915, when they attacked from central africa to the west edge of the colony by lake tan.
aug. 23 japan declared war on germany and landed troops on china coast to prepare to attack the german base at tsingtao. in oc. allies bombed it and attacked by land until it surrendered nov. 7. its cruiisers had left at the start of the war and went to a french colony see section world war.
aug. 26, in the west bulge of nile continent on the south coast in the niger river region, brit n french attacked from their colonies into german togo. they took the german colony and divided it.
sep. 7 brits invaded german colony cameroon on that continents east coast by the arm pit shape.
french border: the war had various "fronts" by russia in east and italy and greece in south and between france and germany so among these fronts the one by france was the western.
aug. 2 germans invaded lux. using its 4+5 armies each with 200 thousand troops.
seven german armies each with more than 200 thousand troops, faced belgium luxembrg and french borders. germany expected war on both their east and west. they planned to only defend their east until they captured paris france.
aug. 4 germans invaded bel. using its 1+2+3 armies each with 200 thousand troops. belgian defenders were pushed westward until brussels fell aug. 20. then b' retreated to northwest allowing germany to swing south toward france.
meanwhile, aug. 14 french invaded germany, to draw troops eastward but that failed. the germans stopped the french. by aug. 25 the germans expelled from lorraine the french invaders who suffered heavy losses.
the french sent troops into lux. trying to block the german advance but soon retreated back out from lux.
aug. 21 french lost a battle 21-24, in belgium at a city south from brussels.
aug. 23 french and brits tried to defend mons belgium but germans defeated both so both fled. germans captured many belgian cities in the end of august and took maubeuge belgium sep. 7. french and british retreated until MARNE river inside northern france that germans would later cross.
Sep. 3 french government moved out from paris southward to escape war risk.
german sent troops from france toward east germany weakening french front. they arrived in east germany too late.
sep. 5 french counterattack. battle by marne river raging many days germans blocked french.
sep. 9 germans west from paris retreated preventing the seige or encirclement of paris. brit and f=ally followed. battling until sep. 12 when germans reached aisne river in north france.
sep. 13 germans stopped withdrawing after losing marne.
sep. 15 until oct. 10 many ally failures at aisne and other north france battles.
battles raged for 3 years across northern france, with almost no change, from then until u.s. intervention in 1917. germans had taken almost all of belgium but did not reach the coast, stopped at ypers in west belgium. germans held belgium until surrendered in 1918.
germans held the northern ten percent of france, a stripe including over 20 thousand square kilometers one tenth of france area. despite failing to get paris this strip had much coal and iron and industry.
germans continued main effort against france. similarly brits main effort was defending france, after failing to defend belgium their ally for whom brits entered the war.
both sides sent waves of soldiers charging at the other's trenches where rapid fire guns mowed down the many humans time after time.
end 1914 by france and belgium. in 1915 germans started using poison gas that detterred the allies from any attempt for three months.
year 1915 April 22, germans used POISON gas chlorine, for first time and first user in this war, while defending a french counterattack. french fled but germans did not take ypers belgium. g' only advanced a bit. the allies responded beginning sep. 25, 1915 to use poison gas too with minor strategic effect due to both sides wearing gas masks, but numerous injured on both sides. july aug. sep almost no battles due to german poison gas.
sep. 25, 1915 brits "first used" poison gas p. 946 at artois [3rd battle] region in north france. in belgium allies successfully pushed germans eastward from saint pol in west b. toward lens barely 15 miles around 23 kilometers away. also battle loos in france sep. 25-oc. 8. more battles raged in north france and in belgium but with barely any change in land. this repeated year after year until 1917 despite using airplanes for spying seeing reconnaisance and later as warplanes.
EAST front, meaning from among the border wars this was the eastern won by russia.
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